A shelter for trafficked women who have entered a protection programme run by the Italian state. The UN's International Organisation for Migration estimates 80 per cent of the Nigerian women and girls arriving by sea are likely to be victims of trafficking for sexual exploitation in Italy. After the Americans left, Pizzarotti removed many of the amentities – from washing machines and air-conditioning units to ceiling fans and bathtubs – leaving exposed wires and holes in the walls. I wrote back to console her, telling her not to worry, that many women fell into the same trap. Ghosts of the centre’s former life remain. The same year, during the height of the Arab spring, Silvio Berlusconi’s government decided to lease the complex as an asylum “hot spot”, for processing the growing number of asylum seekers coming to Italy. Administrators in some centres are accused of taking kickbacks for selling personal details of asylum seekers who have escaped to smaller centres (some of whom don’t exist). Officers then detained a 33-year-old woman and a 21-year-old man on suspicion of being involved in human trafficking and sexual exploitation. I had tried, I thought, but obviously not hard enough. Joy still had her jacket with the phone number sewn inside. More than 400 villas were built to accommodate the standard family of five. Many of those trafficked for sex slavery are assured by their “sponsors” that they will take care of getting the necessary documents for them once they leave the centres. Nigerian women working as prostitutes in Turin, Italy. If we assume half of the estimated 11,000 Nigerian girls who came to Italy in 2016 generated €60,000 each through debt bondage for the madams’ gangs, the profits off those girls alone would top €300m (£264m), even after their travel costs are deducted. They are then forced into sex work under the threat of violence, most of them – like Joy – terrorised by a curse that binds them into slavery. The oldest of six children, Joy (not her real name) told me she had left her family in a small village in Edo state in Nigeria at the age of 15, and gone to work for a wealthy woman who owned a beauty salon in Benin City. She said she might have to start by cleaning floors, but that she would work her way up. As we spoke, a dark car came into view and she took a couple of steps away from me to make sure whoever was driving saw her, and saw that she was alone. After three days, a man Joy didn’t recognise came to find her in the camp and told her she was to wait at a roundabout down the road from the entrance every morning, and eventually someone would come for her. and Italy and exploiting prostitution in Naples. prostitution racket in the Vicaria Mercato area of the Campania Many of the trafficked Nigerian women end up in Castel Volturno, outside Naples, known as the most lawless part of Italy. During the investigation, one of the alleged bosses of the group, Salvatore Buzzi, was caught on a wiretap bragging about how much money he made off the backs of asylum seekers. An officer used a black marker pen to write a number on the migrants’ left hands. The Ministry of Interior is in the plan… If they fail, they are given a slip of paper that says they have five days to leave the country, but no means to do so. In three months, the centre’s doctors performed 32 abortions on migrants – an increase of more than 200% on the year before. At the time, she was just one of so many young women I saw sliding into the abyss. Because of the church’s influence over migrant care, contraception was not being distributed, and few migrants have the means to source their own. Most migrants live in another former military residential development, now dilapidated and controlled by the Camorra, who charge rent to squatters and trafficked women. The stench of sewage permeates the grounds, attracting rodents and insects. Those in charge of the smaller centres then use the names to claim daily allowances. Joy still had her jacket with the phone number sewn inside. “Do you have any idea how much I earn on immigrants?” he was heard telling an associate. Eventually, she had to go back inside the compound, or risk missing her evening meal. Indeed, the Camorra-ravaged suburbs of Secondigliano and Scampia in northern Naples have the dubious claim of being Europe's largest open-air drug market, supplying addicts from across the country with cheap, low-grade heroin and cocaine. Then, women are free to go, but some end up becoming madams themselves, either convinced there are lucrative profits to be made, or as an act of revenge: to visit on others what they had to endure. Human trafficking and modern slavery are global issues. ROME --Precious survived a trip across North Africa and two sinking boats before making it to Italy, ... Organization for Migration's 2017 report on human trafficking. When the gangs discovered there was a demand, madams recruited more women from Nigeria to the area. Police on Tuesday arrested seven people allegedly involved in human trafficking between Albania and Italy and exploiting prostitution in Naples. 228 of 11 August 2003 entitled “Measures against trafficking in persons” and on Article 18 of Legislative Decree 286 of 1998 (Immigration law). Some aid groups have since tried handing out condoms. Joy’s new life would turn out to be nothing like what she had expected. A cut goes to the recruiter in Nigeria, a cut to the traffickers and smugglers who expedited the women’s journey, and a large portion goes to the Nigerian gang members, who must pay the Naples mafia, the Camorra, or other crime syndicates in whose territories the women will be forced to work. ast year, Catania’s chief prosecutor, Carmelo Zuccaro, tried to make it illegal for NGO charity ships to rescue migrants at sea and bring them to Italian shores. I admitted that I hadn’t known exactly what to do. he complex that houses Cara di Mineo was built in 2005 by the Pizzarotti Company of Parma, which is still the primary contractor for US defence logistics in Italy. As reported over the past five years, human traffickers exploit foreign victims in Italy. following stop-overs in other European countries, and mentored The United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute estimates there are between 8,000 and 10,000 Nigerian women and girls living in Italy who have been forced into prostitution. By the 1990s, women started arriving in greater numbers. The rest will have paid the smugglers to get them to Europe, but once they get there, will be unlikely to escape the sex-trafficking rings. As they leave, they are quickly replaced. Murder rates are the highest in the country, and locals call it Beirut, or the Bronx. “How could I have been so trusting? Among those arrested were Nigerian women who worked with what were termed “connection men” inside the camp. If you have information about an orphanage or photos of Naples than we can add to the website than please feel free to contact us to put it on the website. The Camorra Alongside Calabria's ’Ndrangheta, Sicily's Cosa Nostra and Puglia's Sacra Corona Unita, Campania's Camorra is one of Italy's four main organised-crime syndicates. and monitored by one of their 'seniors'. A gold chain hung from her left wrist, a gift from her mother. She had since come to suspect that her parents had sold her to raise money for their younger children. I wished her good luck and gave her my phone number, which she saved in her phone before walking through the sliding metal gate back inside the centre. Escaping the sex trade: the stories of Nigerian women lured to Italy - in pictures, A Nigerian cultural mediator offers condoms and psychological support to prostitutes working close to Naples, Italy. The farmers call them ragazzo or “boy”, demanding they turn around or show them how straight their backs are. Joy Ezekiel was trafficked to Italy and forced to work as a prostitute. A seafront sprawl 30 miles (48 km) north of Naples, the ramshackle town began life in the Etruscan age - before the Roman empire - and was a popular summer playground for Neapolitans during the 1970s. It was at that roundabout that I met Joy. The Italian legislation to combat trafficking in human beings is essentially based on Law no. P.I. “You will know,” the man told her. After the incident, Francesco Verzera, a prosecutor with jurisdiction over Cara di Mineo, appealed to the authorities to close down the camp, stating that overcrowding and lack of supervision is creating a dangerous criminal environment. “The crimes continue to get more violent, and the growing disregard for life is a clear sign of a deteriorating situation.”. The Africans were not welcome to integrate with the Italians and instead set up a peripheral society where they lived outside the law, often squatting in illegally built or unfinished buildings. In total, we reached almost 2,000,000 people in these locations. Always quick to exploit new opportunities, the mafia is making vast profits off the backs of migrants. This cycle has continued for more than a decade, but in 2016, the number of Nigerian women who arrived by smugglers’ boats was 60% higher than the previous year. I asked her if she knew that a lot of girls like her ended up as sex workers. She is joining Prince Charles on his European tour. Cara di Mineo, like the Sant’Anna asylum centre in Isola di Capo Rizzuto in Calabria, and others on the mainland, has also become a hunting ground for traffickers. However, the Camorra is interested in human trafficking especially with regard to the prostitution of young girls from Central Africa.” To those living in poverty, unable to get work or integrate with the community they have found themselves in, selling ones soul to organised crime may seem like a … Many of those first prostitutes eventually became madams, controlled by Nigerian drug-smuggling gangs, who had to pay protection money to the Camorra to operate on their territory. “There was a group of men standing there watching this. The approaching car didn’t slow down, so Joy came back over to me and carried on our conversation. If we assume half of the estimated 11,000 Nigerian girls who came to Italy in 2016 generated €60,000 each through debt bondage for the madams’ gangs, the profits off those girls alone would top €300m (£264m), even after their travel costs are deducted. “It’s like a small city,” he said. It was built for officers stationed at the Sigonella naval air base about 40km away. “They probably had no choice,” she said as she looked down the road toward the thick citrus groves that hid the coming traffic. “I was so stupid,” she wrote. Some centres take on more migrants than they can manage, in order to earn extra revenue, so refugees end up living in dangerously overcrowded conditions. She said she was 18, but looked much younger. Another big money spinner for the Camorra is the drug trade. people allegedly involved in human trafficking between Albania There was a baseball diamond and American football field, along with a non-denominational house of worship that doubled as a cinema. In 2016, Maccarrone, who previously ran the migrant reception centre on the island of Lampedusa, came under criminal investigation for corruption at Cara di Mineo. Official complicity in human trafficking crimes occurs at the local level. “There was never enough food, and we managed to film the food that was on offer,” he said. Trafficked women who disappear to work as sex slaves have little chance of being rescued, because their absence causes no concern. Indeed Italy is one of the principal entry points for the drugs smuggled into Europe for different reasons: ... Cuba (Avana) and Domenican Republic. Local farmers come in pick-up trucks, looking for i neri (“the blacks”), choosing the biggest and strongest for casual labour, harvesting tomatoes and citrus fruits. The woman who answered the phone told her to apply for political asylum using a fake name and birthdate, and never to give the phone number she had just called to anyone. The centre was, on paper, far over capacity, and received extra funds to help with the overload when, in reality, they were taking care of far fewer people than the documents stated. Sergio Nazzaro, a local journalist, says it is the Camorra’s graveyard. Th… The fight against trafficking in human beings is one of Italy’s key priorities within the framework of the Italian Presidency of the Council of the European Union. ... “This involves many cities including Turin, Milan, Genoa, Rome, Naples and Palermo and thousands of Nigerian and Italian people. Torn-up shreds of those papers are a common sight in the ditches beside the road near the centre. They started using traffickers to trick them into coming, eventually expanding the trade further north to Italy’s larger cities and into Europe. Others are provided with false personal details that they are told to use for their applications. In 2011, the US navy gave up its $8.5m (£6m) annual lease and returned the property to Pizzarotti. The Albanian suspects allegedly maintained close ties with Victims originate primarily from Nigeria and other African countries, China, and Eastern Europe. ROME --Precious survived a trip across North Africa and two sinking boats before making it to Italy, ... Organization for Migration's 2017 report on human trafficking. Italy has an estimated 1.5 million unregistered workers, who were particularly vulnerable to labor trafficking. Nigerian girls who are trafficked directly to madams in Naples and elsewhere are forced to do sex work to pay off large debts. STOP THE TRAFFIK works globally to disrupt these networks and build resilience in these vulnerable communities. She was given €45 (£40) and a phone number to call once she got to Italy – but no name, no address, and no documents. Because Joy was named in the sealed arrest warrant as a victim of trafficking, after cooperating with the police, she was given asylum and moved to northern Europe to join a relative. The bar is now the medical centre, and the restaurant a canteen where migrants pick up rations of rice and bananas. Those with documents were taken to a large tent lined with army cots. Save the Children Italy reported 263 minors were victims of labor exploitation and approximately 2,210 minors were victims of child trafficking, mostly for sexual exploitation, in five of the country’s 20 regions. “You knew about this. She was one of the most powerful bosses of the Camorra in the city of Naples from 1993 until her arrest in 2001. Roadmap to Hell: Sex Drugs and Guns on the Mafia Coast by Barbie Latza Nadeau is published by Oneworld. As reported over the past five years, human traffickers exploit foreign victims in Italy. The Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons defines human trafficking or trafficking in persons: 1. igerian girls who are trafficked directly to madams in Naples and elsewhere are forced to do sex work to pay off large debts. Once migrants apply for asylum, they can come and go from the centre at designated times, while they wait for word about their application, which can take months. A Catholic charity had given Italian phone cards to all those who had been rescued, which they could use to call home. Italy has an estimated 1.5 million unregistered workers, who were particularly vulnerable to labor trafficking. Verzera’s investigation into criminal activity at the centre turned up inconsistencies in the record-keeping of who was living there. She wrote again. Italy figured in last two sub-routes as one of the main country in the illicit drug trafficking. Italy is one of the main destination countries for trafficked men, women and children. Before they’ve even started work, they will owe around €60,000 (£53,000). Once again, her ride had not come. There was a baseball diamond and American football field, along with a non-denominational house of worship that doubled as a cinema. A few weeks later, she was told she was moving to Italy, where she would work for her maman’s sister. Last year, Catania’s chief prosecutor, Carmelo Zuccaro, tried to make it illegal for NGO charity ships to rescue migrants at sea and bring them to Italian shores. When asylum requests are rejected, applicants have one chance to appeal. Joy was number 323. Mount Etna, and its steady stream of smoke, is clearly visible in the distance. If they don’t check back in after three days, they are supposed to be taken off the roster, and that information sent to Rome so the reimbursement will be stopped. She said she had heard about Nigerian women who ended up as prostitutes after coming to Italy, and that she would “never do that”, no matter how desperate she got. A Catholic charity had given Italian phone cards to all those who had been rescued, which they could use to call home. Photograph: Elena Perlino/Rex/Shutterstock, ‘Migrants are more profitable than drugs’: how the mafia infiltrated Italy’s asylum system. The woman who answered the phone told her to apply for political asylum using a fake name and birthdate, and never to give the phone number she had just called to anyone. They were rarely hired for farm work, so many had no choice but to prostitute themselves. The Camorra in Italy. More than 400 villas were built to accommodate the standard family of five. Whatever way you want you can support and care for orphan kids education about human trafficking, transitional homes and training for orphans and foster children who have aged out of care. An Italian court has sentenced a Romanian man to 20 years in prison for human trafficking after a Guardian investigation revealed that thousands of women from Romania were being raped and used as forced labour on farms in Sicily. He was accused of collusion with the mafia, and of using funds intended for the care of migrants and refugees for personal gain. There were a handful of other migrants loitering along the road. Its illegal dealings in drug and firearms trafficking, prostitution, waste disposal, racketeering and counterfeiting secure the organisation billions of euros annually. Several centres have become the subject of criminal investigations, revealing corruption at local and state level, and infiltration by powerful crime syndicates. After an appalling journey, via Tripoli, which took nearly three weeks, Joy arrived at the port of Augusta on Sicily’s east coast. When the migrants got off the boat, an armed military policeman in a bulletproof vest stood guard as another patted them down and took knives from some of the men. I had no idea how to help her. By law, each migrant awaiting asylum is given an electronic card to check in and out of the centre when making outings. One of those young women was Joy. Posing as asylum seekers, traffickers lure women out of the centre on the pretext of shopping trips or other excursions, and deliver them to the Nigerian women who control forced prostitution rings. There were six other girls who worked for the woman, whom Joy said they called their maman, meaning “mother”. In March 2017, in an. Many of the trafficked Nigerian women end up in Castel Volturno, outside Naples, known as the most lawless part of Italy. African migrants first started coming to the area in large numbers in the 1980s, to work in the tomato fields for low wages. One woman handed out shoes and flip-flops, and another gave them bruised yellow apples from a large metal tub. Italian justice. When I asked her what she thought would happen when she was picked up, she said she was sure she would be taken to a beauty salon owned by her maman’s sister, where she would be given a job as a hair braider, as she had been in Benin City. It is rare to meet a trafficked woman who has not been faced with this choice. Six of the suspects are Albanian nationals and one Italian. Since 2015, the country has been coping with an overwhelming flow of migrants, a significant portion of whom are vulnerable to trafficking. The site was built as luxury housing for US military personnel, but it is ill-equipped to deal with the number of migrants washing up on the shores of Sicily. In 2016, anti-mafia police conducted an operation named “Skin Trade”, which uncovered one of the networks set up to get women out of the Cara di Mineo camp and on to the streets. During the investigation, an undercover police officer was tipped off by one of the aid agencies working in Cara di Mineo, and picked Joy up on the road leading through the citrus groves. In December 2016, four Nigerian asylum seekers were arrested in Cara di Mineo, accused of drugging and raping a female resident. Investigators say the criminals stole tens of millions of euros in public funds intended for asylum seekers to live on while their applications were heard. It was going to take her straight to Mummy Shade. The conditions are deplorable. Their wages are part of the illicit economy that makes up around 20% of Italy’s overall GDP. “Trafficking in Persons”… mean[s] the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another perso… Most of them had come to Italy to work in hair salons, and all had contact numbers to call. Crime families have cashed in on the ‘refugee industry’. At harvest times, men leave Cara di Mineo in the early morning and gather along a triangle of dirt off the state highway. The criminal gang is alleged to have managed the Most of them had come to Italy to work in hair salons, and all had contact numbers to call. “We have received very specific reports of recruitment activities and radicalisation,” he told the paper. (At last count, it housed 4,000 people.) According to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, human trafficking in Italy is the third source of income for criminal organizations, after arms and drugs trade. The camp’s director, Sebastiano Maccarrone, admitted in a series of media interviews in early 2016 that it was virtually impossible to protect the inhabitants. Later I would regret not trying to warn her in a more concrete way. The number of potentially … The recreation room is now a makeshift school, and offices have become dormitories. “You can’t imagine how many bodies are buried in fields and tied to rocks at the bottom of the river.”. Licciardi was referred to as La Madrina by fellow Camorristi and earned the nickname La Piccolina early on in her criminal career, due to her diminutive … I caught up with Joy by email thanks to a local anti-trafficking advocate in Sicily who took an interest in her case and acted as a liaison with the court. “Just get into the car when it stops.”. (ANSA) - Naples, June 30 - Police on Tuesday arrested seven He convinced her to help them catch the people who had trafficked her, and her evidence became key to the operation’s success. Why didn’t you tell me what was going to happen?”. Freeing girls trafficked to Italy for sex: ‘You will not be a slave for ever’, interview with the rightwing newspaper Il Giornale. Victims originate primarily from Nigeria and other African countries, China, and Eastern Europe. The woman had been told, like Joy, to wait on the street for someone to pick her up. She was wearing a faded denim jacket over a crisp white T-shirt and tight jeans, and six or seven strings of colourful beads were wrapped around her neck. The priest has denied the charges and claims he has always fought against the mafia.). The minimum age for consensual sex is 14 or 13 if the partner is under the age of 18 and the age gap is less than three years. In 2014, an investigation known as “Mafia Capitale” found that a criminal group had been running Rome’s municipal government for years. The car she was waiting for was never going to take her to a hairdressing job. Every year at Cara di Mineo, on average, 10 migrants die while waiting for their asylum requests to be heard, killed in fights or dying from untreated medical conditions, according to Amnesty International and other aid groups that operate in the centre. The group had also infiltrated asylum centres across the country, buying and selling names and details of migrants who had long disappeared, in order to keep the per-person state funding coming. Pipeline: Photo essay shows human trafficking in Italy. Realising she was being put to work as a prostitute, she had refused to leave the camp. 24 of March 2014.63 Forced labour is criminalised under articles 600, 601, and 603 and slavery is criminalised in article 600 and 602, which criminalise placing or holding a person in conditions of slavery or servitude, and the sale and purchase of slavery respectively.64The government has not yet criminalised forced marriage as a distinct crime. “They’re more profitable than drugs.” Buzzi and his associates were sentenced to decades in prison after a trial that ended in 2017, although their sentences were reduced on appeal. Once Joy was taken off the bus in the reception centre with the other passengers, she was given a bed in a villa with 10 Nigerian women around her age. Joy’s bus headed to the Cara di Mineo migrant camp, one of the biggest in Europe. In March 2007, the Ministry of Interior established a committee designed to improve oversight and prosecution of trafficking and invited NGOs into the policy making process by including their membership on this committee. He maintains he is innocent, and is working as a volunteer at one of the smaller migrant centres in Catania while he awaits trial. The incentive to return each night runs beyond food and shelter. But often, before they can obtain legal status, they are claimed by the criminal underworld. Human trafficking, also called trafficking in persons, form of modern-day slavery involving the illegal transport of individuals by force or deception for the purpose of labour, sexual exploitation, or activities in which others benefit financially.Human trafficking is a global problem affecting people of all ages. fellow countrymen in the event of running ino trouble with Victims originate primarily from Nigeria and other African countries, China, and Eastern Europe, and include ethnic Roma. I was also selfishly scared that if I intervened, I might get caught up in some sort of retaliation act, that someone might harm me or my children for taking one of the madam’s precious “assets” off the streets. Inhabitants dry their laundry next to signs protesting against the Italian government, condemning the bad food and the time it takes to process asylum requests. The investigators say that in 2016 she was waiting for three young women to make their way to Naples from Cara di Mineo. Those turned down are easy bait for criminal gangs working inside the camps, who get paid for providing mafia groups with illegal cheap labour, running drugs and arms or working in the many industries those groups have infiltrated. A cut goes to the recruiter in Nigeria, a cut to the traffickers and smugglers who expedited the women’s journey, and a large portion goes to the Nigerian gang members, who must pay the Naples mafia, the Camorra, or other crime syndicates in whose territories the women will be forced to work. In March 2017, in an interview with the rightwing newspaper Il Giornale, he revealed that the state had started investigations into prisons and refugee camps where extremists were recruiting migrants awaiting word on their asylum requests. The new arrivals were divided into groups and put on buses. 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