[80] The political platform of the second Party Congress held in 1951 stated: "The people's democratic revolution is neither an old-type capitalist democratic revolution nor socialist revolution, it is a new-type capitalist democratic revolution which will evolve into socialist revolution without experiencing a revolutionary civil war. From 1962 to 1963, Mạnh was working as forest supervisory technician in Bac Can Forestry Service. [38], While Lê Duẩn continued to believe in the goals set in the Third Five-Year Plan,[39] leading members within the Communist Party were losing their trust in the system. In 1951, during the war for independence, the officially dissolved Communist Party was officially re-established and renamed the Worker's Party of Vietnam (Đảng lao động Việt Nam), often abbreviated as WPV and nicknamed the Lao Dong Party. [75] Some claim that Hồ Chí Minh Thought is used as a veil for a party leadership that has stopped believing in communism, but others rule this out on the basis that Hồ Chí Minh was an avid supporter of Lenin and the dictatorship of the proletariat. – December 1991 to December 1996: Member of the Party Central Committee, Secretary of the Party Committee of Song Be province, elected to the Communist Party Central Committee at the eighth National Party Congress, and deputy to the ninth National Assembly. At the second Party Congress it was decided that the Communist Party would be split into three; one party for each of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia. To begin with, many of the first- generation communist leaders came from scholar-official backgrounds and were well-versed in the traditional requisites of "talent and virtue" (tai duc) necessary for leadership. The flag was used by the Viet Minh, a communist-led organization created in 1941 to oppose Japanese occupation. Nông Đức Mạnh succeeded Lê Khả Phiêu in 2001 as general secretary. From 1987 to 1990 he was Chief of Staff, Head of Business, political Protection Department II, Ministry of the Interior. The Communist Party traces its lineage back to 1925, when Hồ Chí Minh established the Vietnamese Revolutionary Youth League (Hội Việt Nam Cách mạng Thanh niên), commonly referred to as Youth League (Hội Thanh niên). [67] The 4th Central Theoretical Council was formed on 7 September 2016, and is currently headed by Politburo member Đinh Thế Huynh. At this congress, he was also appointed head of the party’s Secretariat, which supervises the membership and internal structure of the party. [80] The platform of the 11th National Congress held in January 2011 stated: "This is a profound and thorough revolutionary process and a complicated struggle between the old and the new for qualitative changes in all aspects of social life. Characters of a new social regime were formed in Hồ Chí Minh's thoughts through, first of all, the method of transforming features of old regime into its contrary facets. Together with Ho Chi Minh, these would provide a unified leadership over the next four decades,[13], Party leader Hồ Chí Minh returned to Vietnam in February 1941 and established a military-political front known as the League for the Independence of Vietnam (Việt Nam Độc Lập Đồng Minh Hội), commonly referred to as Viet Minh (Việt Minh). The Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) is the founding and ruling communist party of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The Cambodian and Laotian communists received training and support from DRV and NLF. The Indochinese War against French forces lasted until 1954 with the Vietnamese victory at the Battle of Điện Biên Phủ.[29][30]. It was in 1941 when Vietnam had two foreign powers occupying them, that communist Vietnamese revolutionary leader Ho Chi Minh arrived back in Vietnam after spending 30 years traveling the world. [76] The final class barrier was removed in 2006, when party members were allowed to engage in private activities. [11] Party activists were particularly hard hit in the southern region of Cochinchina, where the previously strong organization was wiped out by arrests and killings. However, in an official note it said that the "Vietnamese party reserves the right to supervise the activities of its brother parties in Cambodia and Laos. [2] Youth League was designed to prepare the ground for a revolutionary armed struggle against the French occupation. At the 6th national party congress he was elected as an alternate member of the Central Committee. American side commonly referred to the NLF as the Viet Cong (Việt Cộng) or VC for short. Yet those principles were not interpreted precisely correctly. The movement then declared a new, independent provisional Vietnamese government. The Central Committee implements the decisions of the National Congress during the five-year period between congresses. Relations with other communist and workers parties are very important, and are built on "solidarity, friendship, mutual support in the struggle for socialism in the spirit of Marxism-Leninism and pure internationalism of the working class". At the first session of the 13th National Assembly ratified the Prime Minister’s proposals on appointing the new cabinet. The main outline of this ideology is upheld by the party—that is, a social mode superior and more advanced:[84]. [54] The party and state bureaucracy opposed Linh's reform initiatives; because of this, Linh tried to win the support of provincial leaders, causing the powers of the provincial chapters of the CPV to increase in the 1990s. – 1960 to November 1963: Student majoring in Mathematics at university, took part in the Sai Gon Students’ Movement, assumed tasks at the revolutionary base in charge of the Sai Gon-Gia Dinh area. It is also known for the advocacy of what it calls a "socialist-oriented market economy" while another ideology of CPV, the Ho Chi Minh Thought, introduced by Ho which combines Vietnamese culture, French revolutionary ideas, liberal ideas, Marxist–Leninist communist ideals and Ho Chi Minh's personal qualities. In the past, the office of general secretary was the party’s top position, but Trong is ranked only No. the idea that if a nation falls under communist control, nearby nations will also fall under communist control. Technically, Vietnam until this day is still a communist country having the one-party rule, that is the Communist Party of Vietnam, under Marxist-Leninist governance. It was simplified to a great extent. [88], The CPV currently maintains relations with over 100 communist and workers' parties. The party believes that socialism leads to human liberation from every oppressive situation, exploitation and injustice. [8], The Communist Party of Indochina and Communist Party of Annam from the Vietnamese Revolutionary Youth League, joined with individual members of the Communist League of Indochina to form a united communist organization called the Communist Party of Vietnam (Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam), founded by Hồ Chí Minh at a "Unification Conference" held in Hong Kong from 3–7 February 1930. However, the North under communist leader Ho Chi Minh invaded the U.S.-supported South later in 1954, marking the beginning of the Second Indochina War, also called the Vietnam War (1954–1975). According to Tô Huy Rứa, currently a member of the 11th Politburo: "By participating in the process of globalization complete with its opportunities and challenges, as was predicted by Marx and Engels in the Manifesto, the Vietnamese Communist Party and people will further find guidelines for a precious world outlook and methodologies. The Secretariat is elected and the membership size is decided by the Central Committee immediately after the National Congress. [85] Trần Bạch Đằng wrote: The reality of Vietnam after the revolution is different from what I imagined when I joined the party ... Life has shown us that it is much more complicated. [65] It is also responsible for inspecting and supervising the implementation of resolutions and directives on fields regarding the party on economic, social, defence, security and foreign affairs, and it is directly responsible for the coordination of a number of party bodies. Sang “assumed many of Manh’s normal responsibilities,” Michalak wrote. [76] In recent years, the party has stopped representing a specific class, but instead the "interests of the entire people", which includes entrepreneurs. He joined the politburo in 1996 as its 14th ranking member. In 1936, Hà Huy Tập was appointed General Secretary instead of Lê Hồng Phong, who returned to the country to restore the Central Committee. Poor harvests in 1929 and 1930 and an onerous burden of debt served to radicalize many peasants. [57] The Central Committee elects the Politburo in the aftermath of the Party Congress. [33] In the south, the United States of America established a pro-American Republic of Vietnam (RVN), commonly known as South Vietnam, in 1955. He repeatedly petitioned American President Harry S. Truman for support for Vietnamese independence,[27] citing the Atlantic Charter, but Truman did not respond. He was taken prisoner by the South Vietnamese government in 1971 and released under the Paris Peace Treaty in 1973. [43] At the sixth Party Congress, Nguyễn Văn Linh was elected the new General Secretary – this was a victory for the party's old guard reformist wing. The thing is, we received Marxism in a theoretical sense, not in a full sense, and the information was not very precise. Before the end of Communist rule in Eastern Europe, the party had the command economy until Đổi Mới was introduced in 1986 and was aligned with the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact/COMECON states during the Cold War. In response to French influence and manipulation which tried to destroy unity within Vietminh, the ICP was officially dissolved and downgraded into the Institute for studying Marxism in Indochina (Hội Nghiên cứu Chủ nghĩa Marx tại Đông Dương) as a gesture to unite all nationalist and non-communist factors to fight against French and pro-French forces. [82] There are multiple forms of ownership in a socialist-oriented market economy. The commission is responsible to the Central Committee and between meetings, the Politburo and the Secretariat. From 1973 to 1974, Mạnh served as director of the Phu Loung State Forestry Camp in Bac Thai province. Tô Huy Rứa was ranked lowest because he received the lowest approval vote of the 10th Central Committee when he stood for election to the Politburo. CPV was founded in 1930; since 1954, it has been the ruling party of North Vietnam and then the Socialist Republic after seizing power in South Vietnam in 1975. Government forces fired upon the crowds, killing dozens and inflaming the population. The event, which runs from January 25 to February 2, will see the Communist Party of Vietnam draft a new five-year economic plan and overhaul most of its key leadership positions. In 2003, he was reprimanded for failing from to act in the Nam Cam corruption scandal when he headed the city government. This policy continued until the sixth National Congress, when Nguyễn Văn Linh took power. [8] The Communist League of Indochina had its roots in another national liberation group which had existed in parallel with the Youth League, and saw itself as a rival to the latter. [4] This led to a national breakdown within the organization,[5] which led indirectly to a split within Youth League. In 1960 DRV established a military-political front in the south called National Liberation Front of Southern Vietnam (Mặt trận Dân tộc Giải phóng Miền Nam Việt Nam) or NLF for short. [87] The CPV is active in international communist and workers party gatherings, such as the International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties. [84] According to Marxism–Leninism, socialism is the second-to-last stage of socio-economic development before pure communism. Success will depend on correct policies, political spirit, leadership capacity, and the fighting strength of the Party".[82]. At the 6th party plenum in March 1989, he was elevated to full central committee member. Lai Quoc Khanh, a journalist in the theoretical Communist Review wrote: "The people's democratic regime is an objective necessity in the development course of Vietnamese society". [1] The Youth League sought to make use of patriotism in an effort to end the colonial occupation of the country by France. After the withdrawal of American troops from Indochina and the collapse of RVN on 30 April 1975, Vietnam was unified under leadership of communists. Due to the party's policy of democratic centralism, a local inspection commission can only investigate a case if the inspection commission directly superior to it consents to the investigation. Repression by the colonial authorities began in the fall of 1931: about 1300 people were eventually killed by the French and many more were imprisoned or deported as government authority was reasserted and the ICP was effectively wiped out in the region. [32] The third Party Congress, held in Hanoi in 1960, formalized the tasks of constructing socialism in what was by then North Vietnam, or the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV), and committed the party to the liberation of South Vietnam. [82] Nguyễn Phú Trọng said: The state economy plays a key role; the collective economy is constantly consolidated and developed; the private economy is one of the driving forces of the collective economy; multiple ownership, especially joint-stock enterprises, is encouraged; the state and collective economies provide a firm foundation for the national economy. He then travelled to Leningrad, Soviet Union, were he studied at the Forestry Institute until 1971. Although nominally exists alongside the Vietnamese Fatherland Front, it maintains a unitary government and has centralised control over the state, military and media. [68], Vietnam is a socialist republic with a one-party system led by the Communist Party. The European war made colonial governance from France impossible and Indochina was occupied by Japanese forces. [10] General Secretary Tran Phu and a number of Central Committee members were arrested and killed. [82] Policies are enacted for the sole purpose of improving the people's standard of living.[82]. Trương Tấn Sang (born on 21 January 1949) is the current president of Vietnam and the senior member of the politburo, the executive committee of the ruling Communist Party. – January 2000 to June 2006: Politburo member, Secretary of the Ho Chi Minh City Party Committee. [80] While Hồ Chí Minh supported the position that Vietnam had entered the stage of transition to socialism in 1954, he held the belief that Vietnam was still "a democratic regime in which people are the masters" and not socialist. [85] According to the party, the real value of The Communist Manifesto is not that it can provide answers to present revolutionary problems, but the way it explains the gradual liberation of the working class and labourers. [82], Unlike in capitalist countries, a socialist-oriented market economy does not "wait for the economy to reach a high level of development before implementing social progress and fairness, nor 'sacrifice' social progress and fairness to the pursuit of mere economic growth". It is essential to undergo a long period of transition with several steps of development and several mixed social and economic structures". [62] According to David Koh, the Politburo ranking from the first plenum of the 10th Central Committee onwards, is based upon the number of approval votes by the Central Committee. The plenum adopted a reformist line, but it was forced to moderate its position when several grass-root party chapters rebelled against its resolution. He is also the President of Vietnam, de jure head of state of Vietnam, in office since 23 October 2018. Linh pursued a policy of economic and political decentralization. The relations of distribution ensure fairness, create momentum for growth, and operate a distribution mechanism based on work results, economic efficiency, contributions by other resources, and distribution through the social security and welfare system. [9] At a later conference under request of the Third Comintern, the party changed its name to the Indochinese Communist Party (Đảng Cộng sản Đông Dương), often abbreviated as ICP. At the seventh Party Congress in which Nguyễn Văn Linh retired from politics, he reaffirmed the party's and country's commitment to socialism. Sang was born January 21, 1949 in Mỹ Hạnh, Đức Hòa, Long An. He began his career as a forestry worker and joined the revolution in 1958. [7] The two organizations spent the rest of 1929 engaged in polemics against one another in an attempt to gain a position of hegemony over the radical Vietnamese liberation movement. It is a kind of economic organization which abides by market economy rules but is based on, led by, and governed by the principles and nature of socialism reflected in its three aspects – ownership, organization, and distribution – for the goal of a prosperous people in a strong nation characterized by democracy, fairness, and civilization". The CPV sent delegations to the 8th Congress of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation in 2008, the 5th Congress of the Party of Italian Communists in 2008, the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of India in 2008, the 9th Communist Party of India (Marxist) in 2008, the 18th Congress of Communist Party of Greece in 2009, the 9th Congress of the Communist Party of Denmark in 2009, the 18th Congress of the Spanish Communist Party in 2009, the 8th Congress of the Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist) in 2009, the 12th Congress of the Communist Party of Brazil in 2009 and that of the Peruvian Communist Party in 2010. The ICP was ostensibly dissolved, but its core was still functioning. The war lasted from 1960 to 1975 and spilled over into Laos and Cambodia. [81], According to the party's General Secretary Nguyễn Phú Trọng, during the transition to socialism, socialist factors of development compete with non-socialist factors, which include capitalist factors. From 1972 to 1975 he was a student at the School of Foreign Languages Department of Cultural Affairs (now the Ministry of Public Security). [66] The Commission, and its chairman and deputy chairmen, are elected by the first plenum of the Central Committee after a National Party Congress. The highest institution of CPV is the party's National Congress which elects the Central Committee. He was ranked as the party’s number one leader following the 11th National Congress held in Hanoi in January 2011. [7] The other faction of Youth League, based in the Cochinchina (southern) region of the country, held a conference in Saigon and declared themselves the Communist Party of Annam (An Nam Cộng sản Đảng) in late 1929. [34] The party explained that the name change was made in light of the "strengthened proletariat dictatorship, the development of the leadership of the working class [...] a worker-peasant alliance. [60] The Politburo can be overruled by the Central Committee, as happened in 2001 when the Politburo voted in favour of retaining Lê Khả Phiêu as General Secretary; the Central Committee overturned the Politburo's decision, dismissed Lê from politics, and forced the Politburo to elect a new General Secretary after the ninth National Congress. [69] According to the Constitution, Vietnam is in a period of transition to socialism. Lê Hồng Anh, the Minister of Public Security, was ranked second in the 10th Politburo because he received the second-highest number of approval votes. Laotian Civil War broke out between communist Pathet Lao and pro-American Kingdom of Laos. Because of these changes, power in Vietnam has become increasingly devolved. The logic is that difference in the ownership of productions lead to different modes of production. The party's economic goal was to build a strong and prosperous socialist country in 20 years. During the war the Worker's Party of Vietnam also established its sub-branch in the south called People's Revolutionary Party of South Vietnam (Đảng Nhân dân Cách mạng Miền Nam Việt Nam) which aimed to lead the NLF. It functions as a basis for the most basic theoretical beliefs upheld by the party. organization whose goal was to win Vietnam's independence from foreign rule. – July 1981 to December 1987: Head of the Youth Union Central Committee’s Board for Voluntary Young People, Secretary of the Party Committee of the Youth Union Central Committee in HCM City, member of the Youth Union Central Committee’s Executive Board, Secretary of the Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union Central Committee, Deputy President and General Secretary of the Viet Nam Youth Union. While national liberation is the means of taking power, the establishment of a people's democratic regime requires the total destruction of the feudalist, colonialist and imperialist society. In 2011 he was Commissioner of Police Standing Party Central Committee, Deputy Minister of Public Security. As General Secretary, Nguyễn Phú Trọng heads the party’s Secretariat and is the Secretary of the Central Military Commission in addition to being the de facto head of the Politburo, the highest decision-making body in Vietnam, which currently makes him the most powerful person in Vietnam. From 1996 to 2000, he was a Member of the Standing Committee of the Party Committee of General Security, Party Secretary, Director of Staff for Security. [56] The Central Committee did this because most of its members had a provincial background, or were working in the provinces. Thịnh was elected Vice President of Vietnam on 8 April 2016 after winning 91.09% of votes (450 votes) in the National Assembly, continuing the recent norm of having a woman holding this position. [15][16] Once considered "the theoretician of the Vietnamese contingent in Moscow,"[17] Tường was calling for a new "mass-based" party arising directly "out of the struggle of the real struggle of the proletariat of the cities and countryside. By dawn, communist forces move into Saigon, where they meet only sporadic resistance. [14], The Party, particularly in the south, was rivalled by other nationalist and left-wing groupings. [19], In recognition of their relative strength in organising Saigon's factories and waterfront, for four years in the mid-1930s the local party maintained a unique pact with the Trotskyists, publishing a common paper, La Lutte (The Struggle), and presenting joint "Workers" lists for Saigon municipal and colonial-council elections. In 1954, the French withdrew and Vietnam was partitioned with the promise of democratic elections. What we see, why we worry, why we hope: Vietnam going forward. 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